1. (The author) uses X [...] to show Y [...].

example:

(Shakespeare) uses X [the characters] to show Y [varying degrees of deception].

2. Through the use of X [...], (the author) shows (how) Y [...].

example:

Through the use of X [the grotesque], (Faulkner) shows how Y [secrets represent ugly truths about the American South].

3. The development of X [...] reveals Y [...].

example:

The development of X [the hive mentality among the villagers in “The Lottery”] reveals Y [the mockery of rural community living].