Test 3 Study Guide

Socioemotional Development in Middle and Late Childhood (Chapter 11 in blue)

Be aware of these terms and concepts:

1. Self-esteem

2. Self-concept

3. Self-efficacy

4. Heteronomous morality

5. Social conventional reasoning

6. Emotional intelligence (According to Goleman, what 4 areas are involved?)

7. Be aware of Kohlberg’s 6 stages of moral development. What influences the development of morality in a child. At what level are most children before age 9?

8. How do boys and girls in the age group vary physically and cognitively?

9. How might a child’s cognitive development alter the way that their parents discipline them?

10. How might boys and girls display aggression differently?

11. What is important about a child’s social cognition?

12. How can we improve a child’s self-esteem

13. Be able to explain Erikson’s stage of Industry vs. Inferiority.

14. What are the benefits of the constructivist approach vs. the direct instruction approach in learning?

Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

15. Puberty

16. Menarche

17. Hormones

18. Hypothalamus

19. Gonads

20. Pituitary gland

21. When does the peak of the puberty growth spurt occur for girls and boys?

22. What is the connection between Menarche and body mass?

23. How does early or late maturation affect boys and girls differently?

24. What is the implication of the amygdale and the hippocampus increasing in volume earlier than the frontal lobes?

25. What negative problems has early sexual behavior been linked to?

26. What negative problems has teen pregnancy been linked to?

27. What characterizes a girl with anorexia or bulimia?

28. Be able to explain Piaget’s formal operational stage.

29. Hypothetical-deductive reasoning

30. Adolescent egocentrism

31. Imaginary audience

32. Personal fable.

33. Personal fable

Socioemotional Development in Adolescence

34. Be able to explain Erikson’s stage of identity vs. identity confusion.

35. Psychosocial moratorium

36. Be able to explain Marcia’s 4 statuses of identity.

37. How do democratic parents foster identity achievement better than autocratic parents?

38. How did Grotevanti and Cooper define individuality and connectedness?

39. How might parental-adolescent conflict serve a positive developmental function?

40. How does peer pressure differ between adolescents and children?

41. What are the implications of Rose and Frieze’s dating scripts study on gender role expectations and relationship control issues (i.e. who makes the decisions in a relationship or marriage).

42. What are typical American rites of passage?

43. What percentage of America youth are involved in juvenile delinquency?

44. What are some of the causes of juvenile delinquency?

45. Why do females exhibit depression more than males?

46. What is rumination and co-rumination?

Physical and Cognitive development in early Adulthood

47. According to Jeffrey Arnett what is the age range for Emerging adulthood?

48. In the United States, the most widely recognized marker of entry into adulthood is…?

49. Set point

50. Which group has the highest rate of obesity?

51. What is the optimum level of exercise for American adults?

52. One in ______ individuals who drink will become alcoholics?

53. What are the characteristics of a male rapist?

54. What percentage of college men admit to forcing a woman into a sexual act?

55. In the survey done by Cochran and Mays (1990), what percentage of the 422 people surveyed said that they had lied about their sexual behavior to have sex with their current partner?

56. What is postformal thought?

57. William Perry’s use of absolutism, relativism, and reflective thinking when discussing cognitive processing.

58. According to Csikszentmihalyi (pronunciation optional) what is flow? What characterizes a creative person?

Socioemotional Development in Early Adulthood

59. If researchers measure an individual's self-concept at ages 10, 20, 30, and 40 years, where are they likely to find the most self-concept stability?

60. What connection between childhood temperament and adult personality has research found?

61. What connection did Jerome Kagan find between inhibition in childhood and assertiveness in adulthood?

62. What is the connection between secure attachment to parents during childhood and adult romantic partners?

63. What connection between adult avoidant attachment romantic style and sexual experiences has research found?

64. consensual validation

65. matching hypothesis

66. Erickson’s stage: Intimacy vs. Isolation. According to Erik Erikson, achieving intimacy requires…?

67. According to Erik Erikson, what must individuals achieve before they can develop intimacy?

68. According to Santrock (the author), relationships in early adulthood strive to balance what?

69. What differences do we see in male and female relationships?

70. Romantic love, affectionate love, and consummate love.

71. Why is it possible for a couple to remain happy together after their romantic love fades?

72. In the 1970s, approximately __________ of American couples reported that they cohabitated before getting married; in the year 2,000, approximately __________ reported that they had cohabitated before getting married.

73. average duration of marriage in the United States is approximately?

74. What are the benefits of marriage?

75. Be aware of the family life cycle.

76. Be aware of Gottman’s 7 principles that determine if a marriage will work.

77. Rapport talk vs. report talk.